Substitution reaction

Substitution chemical receptionIntroductionSubstitution reception of chemistry rally reaction argon also called displacement reactions .These be the reactions in which an jot or a group of parts attached to a carbon share in a pinpoint is replaced by around other section or group of atoms without any change in the structure of the remaining part of the shred. The product formed is know as the substitution product. The newly atom or group which enters the molecule is called the substituent. Some example of substitution reactions areCH+cl CHcl+Hcl Methane Methyl chloride here H-atom of CH is replaced by chloride atom.CH-CHBr+KOH (aq) CHCHOH+KBrEthyl platitude Ethyl alcoholHere Br atom of ethyl bromide is replaced by OH group. CH -CH = CH ClCH -CH=CH + HclPropene Allyl chloride Here H-atom of CH group is replaced by cl-atomTypes of substitution reaction Depending upon the nature of attacking reagent, substitution reactions nooky be classified as belowa) Electrophilic Su bstitution Reactions These are the reactions in which an atom or group in a molecule is replaced by an electrophile. Such reactions are shown by smelling(p) compound. CH+HONO CHNO+H 0 CH+ NOCH NO+H 0 (H s0 ) Here Nitronium ion (NO ions )acts as an electrophile and the process is called nitration.Mechanism. Con fountr the chlorination of benzene in presence of halogen carrier(Fecl) Fecl+cl-cl Fecl+cl(chloronium ion)Electrophiles are involved in electrophilic substitution reactions and particularly in electrophilic reminiscent substitutionsElectrophilic reactions to other unsatu prised compounds than arenes in the main lead to electrophilic addition rather than substitution.B) Necleophilic Substitution Reactions- These are the reaction sin which an atom or a group in a molecule is replaced by a nuclophile. Such reactions are shown by alkyl halides. Consider the action of aqueous KOH on methyl chloride.HO+H -CH Cl Ho-cHOH+clA nucleophile (literally nucleus lover) is a molecule or ion capable of acting as a Lewis base (i.e., an electron pair donor). Nucleophiles can be expound as electron-rich while their targets or substrates can be described as electron-deficient (they are Lewis acids, i.e., electron pair acceptors). In a nucleophilic substitution the nucleophile takes the place ofor substitutes forsome atom or group on the substrate (called the leaving group) Nu + RL RNu+ + L- nucleophile substrate product leaving group If the nucleophile is neutral (as shown above) the product testament be charged since the leaving group takes both fond regarding electrons away with it. If the nucleophile is an anion then the product will be neutral Nu + RL RNu + L- Stronger bases make better nucleophiles (e.g., OH- is a better nucleophile than H2O). Good substrates include cations, central atoms with incomplete octets or double bonds (like sp2 carbons) or carbons with partial positive charges. Halogens are generally more electronegative than carbon and so organo halogen compounds are usually subject to nucleophilic attack at the carbon attached to the halogen (which would be the positive end of a dipole). For example, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (commonly known as t-butyl chloride) will undergo nucleophilic substitution with hydroxide ion (CH3)3CCl + OH (CH3)3COH + Cl This is a typical synthetic route for producing an alcohol from an alkyl halide. Nucleophilic substitution reactions stick been studied for many years. It was noniced fairly early that while the overall reaction was similar in the vast majority of cases the kinetics of the process was not always the same. In some substitutions the concentration of the nucleophile had no effect on the rate. In others, the rate was directly comparative to the concentration of the nucleophile. This suggested that two different weapons essential be at work. The factor which determines the mechanism employed is typically the nature of the substrate itself and NOT the particular nucleophile.Ne cleophilic substitution reactions are further classified as-1)Necleophilic substitution Biomolecular - Such reaction sare shown by primary alkyl halides and involve a single step. The breaking of C-X bond and the making of C-OH bond takes place simultaneously. The neucleophile approaches the C-atom from the side opposite to that carrying the halogen. In such reactions, an inverted product is formed. The reaction involves the formation of a transition state. The reaction follows the rate law, Rate=kAlkyl halideOH. As the slow rate determining step involves two molecule(Alkyl halide and alkali) in that locationfore, the reaction is known as bimolecular substitution reaction. Most necleophilic substitutions, which involve the expulsion of an originally neutral substituent ,notably of halogen, from the aromatic ring,at temperature which are not particularly high,use the biomolecular mechanism SN2. This is established by their entropy order kinetics, which are documented by many recor ds, (NO)CHCl+OEt(NO)CHOEt+ClIn substitution of this type,the rate of attack by different reagent on the same aromatic molecules follow the general order of nucleophilic strength towards carbon. This is the conclusion to which Bunnatt and Zahler come after having assembled selective information from many sources. The first mechanism is known as SN1 (substitution, nucleophilic, unimolecular) because only one molecule is involved in the first stepthe rate determining step. Reactions occurring by this mechanism should exhibit first-order kinetics, i.e., the rate law should have the form rate = ksubstrate1. Because the nucleophile is not involved until after the slow step its concentration will have no effect on the rate. The alternate mechanism is called SN2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular) because two molecules are involved in the rate determining (and only) step. Such reactions exhibit overall second-order kinetics. The rate is comparative to both the concentration of the su bstrate and the concentration of the nucleophile. Reactions like this will have a rate law in the form rate = ksubstrate nucleophile2) Nucleophilic Substitution Unimolecular- This mechanism is generally followed by tertiary alkyl halide. In the first step, tertiary alkyl halie breaks hydrolytically to form intermediate carbonium ion.The formation of carbonium ion is the slow rate determing step. In the second step, the nucleophile attacks tha carbonium ion to form an alcohol. Consider the action of aqueous KOH or tertiary Butyl bromide.CH CH CH ____ C-Br CH C +Br (Slow Step) CH CH CH CH CH ____ C + OH CH C +OH (Fast Step) CH CH (carbonium ion) Tert. butyl alcoholOr The best established eample of nucleophilic aromatic substitution by the unimolecular mechanism ,SN1,is the uncatalysed decomposition of diazoium ions,in hydroxylic solvent,to give phenols or phhenolic ethers,accomplished often byaryl halides or others such substitution products, if the necessary necleophilic anions are present in the declarationArN+ Ar+N (Slow)Ar+Ho Ar OH+H (fast)Ar+ROHArOR+H (Fast)Ar +cl Ar Cl (Fast)These are SN1 mechanism .The alternate mechanism is called SN2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular) because two molecules are involved in the rate determining (and only) step. Such reactions exhibit overall second-order kinetics. The rate is proportional to both the concentration of the substrate and the concentration of the nucleophile. Reactions like this will have a rate law in the form rate = ksubstrate nucleophile3) Free Radicals Subsitution Reactions1.2.3 These are the reactions in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by a free radical. The replacement of H- atom by a halogen atom is an example of free radicals substitution.In the free radical substitution reaction, the attacking reagent is a free radicals. These reactions are carried either at high temperature or in the presence of ultra-violet light. In organic chemistry, a radical substitution re action is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediateThe reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third.In the first step called initiation (2,3) a free radical is created by photolysis. Homolysis can be brought about by heat or light but also by radical initiators such as organic peroxides or azo compounds. Light is used to create two free radicals from one diatomic species. The final step is called termination (6,7) in which the radical recombines with another radical species. If the reaction is not terminated, but instead the radical group(s) go on to react further, the steps where new radicals are formed and then react is collectively known as propagation (4,5) because a new radical is created available for secondary reactions.Mechanism. The mechanism of free radicals substitution involves three steps-I) Initiation - In this step, halogen molecule breaks homolyticallly to form free radicals. Consider the action of Br on ethane in presence of sunlight. Br-Br BrII) Propagation step The Br formed in the first step reacts with alkane molecule to form new free radicals which in turn reacts with bromine molecule and the chain react ion starts and so on. CHCH+Br CH CH+HBr CH CH+Br -Br CH CHBr+Br3) Termination. In this step, the free radicals combine and the reaction stops.Br + Br BrSimilarly, consider action of Cl on propene.I) cl cl 2ClII) CH=CH- CH+Cl CH=CH- CH+HClCH=CH- CH+Cl-Cl CH=CH-CHCl+ClSubstitution Reactions1.2.3Substitution Reactions.In an acid-base reaction such as CH3CO2H + NH3 CH3CO2 + NH4+ the N acts as a nucleophile (Greek for loving the nucleus), the H actsas an electrophile (loves electrons), and the O that accepts the pair of electrons acts as a leaving group. The acid-base reaction is the simplest model for a substitution reaction, which is a reaction in which a bond between atom 1 and atom 2 is replaced by a bond between atom 1 and atom 3. Substitution reactions are implausibly important in organic chemistry, and the most important of these involve substitutions at C. For exampleThis substitution reaction, discovered in 1849, involves the nucleophilic O making a new bond to the electrophilic C, and the bond between the electrophilic C and the leaving group I breaking. Any Brnsted base can also act as a nucleophile, and any nucleophile can also act as a Brnsted base, but some compounds are particularly good bases andparticularly poor nucleophiles, whereas some are particularly poor bases and particularly good nucleophiles. Any Brnsted or Lewis acid can also act as an electrophile, but there are many electrophiles that are neither Brnsted nor Lewis acids (as in the example above). A haloalkane, e.g. CH3CH2Br, can in principle undergo either of two pivotal reactions when it encounters a lone pair nucleophile, e.g. MeO-. First, MeO- might replace Br- at the electrophilic C atom, forming a new C-O bond and giving an ether as the product. This is substitution, because th e C-Br bond is replaced with a C-O bond. Second, MeO- might attack a H atom that is adjacent to the electrophilic C atom, giving MeOH, Br-, and an alkene as products. The electrons in the C-H bond move to form the bond, and the electrons in the C-X bond leave with X-. This is elimination, because a new bond is formed, and because the elements of the organic starting material are now divided between more than one product. settlement requires that the substrate have a C-X bond and adjacent C-H bonds, while substitution requires only that the substrate have a C-X bond.Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactionThe distinguish in the title in given to those substitution in whichnucleophilic reagent, such as Br, combine with aromatic carbon and aprecltyuviously present substituent such as Cl,NO, becomes expelled along with its bonding electrons With considerable difficultly even H may be expelled with its bonding electrons i.e at H. Biomolecular substitution reaction electron attra cting substituent oddly one conjugated with aromatic system such as nitro,carbonyl,syano aids the attack of the reagent and a 2-or 4-situated hetero atom ,as n pyridine ,acts in a similar way. Neuclophilic aromatic substtion can proceed by several,mechanism. The Unimolecular and Biomolecular mechanism can definitely be recognized and other mechanism some of which are understood,can be seen to exist. The unimolecular mechanism is hold in to the replacement of those substituents which are sufficiently loosely bound to undergo spontaneous heterlysis in solution. The biomolecular mechanism is muc more general, doubtless because it make much less crude(a) demands on thequality of the explled group,so that a hydrogen shift involved.

Early childhood classroom or early learning centre education essay

Early childhood classroom or earlier on acquisition centre education essayThe qualities of an effective communicator in the other(a) education centre are establishing and maintaining meaningful and respectful relationships with Educators, families and children. As an Educator, conference effectively demonstrates interest, trust, commitment and professionalism. Educators devolve through a variety of unalike offices. communication effectively can be through forms of writing, speech, verbal, non-verbal and body language. Communication is the key to success and importantly what brings the world together. An effective communicator is an effective listener.The quality of an effective communicator in the archean learning centre provides families and parents important and relevant information and the willingness to discuss prescribed aspects of the child. Communicating effectively demonstrates a high level of quality and reassurance for twain parents and the pedagog. Important information that is discussed and carried out within the early learning centre is the childs progression (daily information). This information that is relevantly discussed is the childs routine, meal times, sleep times, the childs developmental areas which are complaisant skills, communication skills, fine and gross motor skills, emotional and cognitive skills and the childs well-being. Informative discussions that are held between educators and families are based on the childs interests and motives. This information is beneficial for the parents and demonstrates how an educator shows initiative and companionship towards children and their education that the educator brings into the childs environment. Families also are benefiting and gaining this information which allows them an understanding and honest results of how their child is progres blab in the centre. This includes what the child may need to reduce on and the positive side of the child. As children are all individuals, educators are to include children with peculiar(a) needs to experience literature, language skills and all areas of development skills. Children with special needs have special aids that t severally children communication skills and different ways of communication which involves virtuallyly how to understand communication which is non-verbal. Within the daily computer program that is carried out in an early learning centre, educators are to also include diversity. Including language through diversity promotes children the ability to learn different languages, culture and just about importantly how to speak different languages. As an Educator, communicating effectively to children develops their social, emotional, physical and intellectual skills. term communicating to children it broadens their understanding on reading and literacy. These main both qualities of development help children to improve on their pronunciation skills and their language skills. As children are growt h such an important skill in their life, they are developing self-confidence within themselves. As an educator, demonstrating effective communication skills enhances childrens awareness of how to talk, read and write. Children learn by hearing words, therefore when educators are communicating to children within the learning centre, children are capable of matching the words together and making meaning of what is being heard. As quoted, training aloud with children is known to be the single most important activity for configurationing the knowledge and skills they will eventually require for learning to read. Marilyn Jager Adams.In a learning child care centre environment, communicating effectively allows children to respond in many different ways. Qualities of a child communicating are victimization verbal, non-verbal communication, visually communicating to sounds or objects and importantly having a trusting relationship with an educator that confines security, comfort and an un derstanding. Early educators conduct effectively with children by involving language into play and encouraging children to develop this skill. While allowing children to communicate through play, children develop increasing elaborative sentences based on their thoughts, ideas and creativeness. Educators pass on children to communicate through play by expanding on their sentences and encouraging them to further speak and build on their self-confidence. Educators are then able to develop the knowledge and observe the child based on the childs interests, motives, and what the childs strengths are. Through this, children grow emotionally and socially as individuals. Children explore in their leaning centre environment, they develop through pretend play, art and craft activities, shared play experiences and most importantly group time. mathematical group time activities provide a wide range of areas where children are continually developing on their language skills. Activities that ar e carried out in a learning centre can range from Flash cards, reading books, singing songs, and show and tell. While children are reading books, it builds on their future academic skills and vocabulary skills. Reading develops childrens listening skills that are a most important factor of a childs life. Effective communicators teach children to develop on their language skills through singing and music. Whilst children sing songs, they develop on their memory skills and anticipate the lyrics or the next words to the song. Singing songs also demonstrates children to communicate verbally and non-verbally. Children develop with music by using hand gestures and actions.Within the early learning centre, as an educator it is important to communicate effectively towards members of the workplace. This carries out a high quality of professionalism and positive leadership. While communicating effectively, it is the audience which include families, parents, co-workers and bangment to develop . Developing as a team defines a happy and safe environment for all partys within the early learning centre. Communicating effectively in the workplace develops positive feedback when communicating with families and between staff members. This forms trusting relationships also between children, their families and the relationships that are developed with workers. With an early learning centre, this provides a high quality standard for the organisation. As educators or any organisation, it is important and an exception to follow correct policy and procedure standards of communicating in a professional way. This promotes a safe environment for children, families and co-workers. As professionals, in an early learning centre workplace, educators need to be mindful of how to communicate to avoid conflict. Conflict can be avoided and mostly resolved by the way communication is involved. Techniques and ways to reduce conflict is directly confronting the person in an effective way with any issues or matters that are affecting the person.Communicating in a reasonable and conducting matter can resolve conflict and on a positive note, can reflect a friendly and professional environment for all workers. There are many forms of communication techniques that are carried out in the workplace apart from direct verbal and non verbal communication. As educators, it is important to have good effective communication skills via telephone. Educators are to always conduct themselves in a professional way that brings families together and enables good communications with the families or any person associated within the organisation. Communication skills via telephone are important within an early learning centre. Educators on a daily basis are communicating with families, departments of education, other centres and managers of the organisation. Techniques that are undertaken in a professional way when communicating over the telephone is listening to the person, note-taking any impo rtant and relevant information, greeting the personnel in a pleasant and warm matter, communicating clearly between each other, introducing yourself and the position you hold, and most importantly detailing any contact numbers, the name of the person, and the main subject regarding the telephone conversation. As an educator, it is then important to action the conversation by communicating this to a director or a second in charge worker. This is handing over the information correctly, clearly and in a way that is understandable for the other person. Direct communication is beneficial as it passes the information to the other person clearly and in a quick manner. This displays effective communication skills and good initiative. Communication is conducted on a daily basis and is the key that holds a divine workplace. Communication that is carried out in the workplace can be with people from different cultures. As Australia is an indigenous supporting country, employees of the workplace are to conduct a respectful, culturally environment. It is important as members of the workplace to respect families, childrens and workers from different backgrounds. Communicating with families, children and workers from diverse backgrounds, needs to be promoted in a professional and mindful matter. As people within the community are multicultural, this is a spacious way to support childrens education through different cultures and language. Educators have the ability and determination to teach children aspects of diversity, language barriers, cultural music and cultural background. It is a good way to bring various multicultural backgrounds into the early learning centre.In conclusion, the ability and quality of an educator to demonstrate effective communication skills can manage problems, challenges, questions, and most importantly language. Educators in the early child care centre having the ability and power to express their thoughts, to be articulate and demonstrate creativ e ideas. These qualities encourage children to communicate effectively. As an educator, qualities of an effective communicator facilitate excellent care for the children, their education and their families. Educators communicate in ways that advance childrens education and build relationships with families and co-workers. Through positive teaching skills, children do develop effective communication skills and the power to learn how to communicate in their learning environment.Reference Marilyn Jager Adams. Teaching children to read An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (2000) http//www.readingrockets.org/books/fun/quotable.

The Death Of Liberal America Essay -- essays research papers

Americans seem to arrest lost any sense whatsoever of what liberalism means and what it strives to insure. Liberals have insisted that tyranny can only be combated by the multiplication and fragmentation of power. A free society is one in which there are various centers of power, various positions from which people have the skill to influence decisions. Thats the whole point behind creating three branches of government, the vaunted separation of powers. Liberalism aims to insure peace and prevent tyranny in pluralistic societies. Liberalism strives to place gobs of individual actions outside the pale of politics and beyond interference from the state or other powers. And, culturally, it strives to promote tolerance, where tolerance is, at a minimum, indifference to the choices and actions of others and, at best, a recognition that diversity yields some social benefits. Liberalism guarantees through freedoms of speech, the press, and association, and through the institutional mech anisms of election, jury trials, and legislative deliberations, the active engagement of citizens with one another. Liberals should promote in every way possible the existence of a vibrant, accessible, and uncensored civil society. In short, liberalism proliferates the occasions where citizens of different opinions, backgrounds, creeds etc. mingle with one another, express their views, and designate about specific issues. And in some, but not all cases, these settings have to draw to a decision that is then accepted, even when not very satisfying, by all the parties involved. Democratic procedures of decision making which guarantee to all interested parties their chance to say their piece (their chance to sway others by argument), and use the select and majority rule to adjudicate differences, are a vital liberal expedient for keeping the peace. Thats because democracy, amazingly enough, has proven an astoundingly effective way to piss people to accept - peacefully - the fact th at they have ended up on the losing side of a political debate that was resolved by a vote. Liberalism, we might say, relies to some extent on the desire of all the participants to maintain the social peace. But even more fundamentally, it expects that the process of deliberation will move participants to an appreciation of the others involved, and the desire to come to an eventual decision that satisfies as m... ... strife. There are few things worse in this world than sectarian violence. Do the Republicans actually know what fire they are playing with when they encourage sectarian divisiveness? And just look at the electoral map of the past two presidential elections. The southbound and the West are lined up against the Pacific Coast States and the North. We havent had such a regional divide since 1860. How long can calcium and the Northeast be shut out from national power? A population hardened into set divisions, a population without a big dower of swing voters is in bad sha pe a population where those divisions correspond to geographic boundaries is really courting disaster. If the South and West maintain their current coalition, we have a reversion to the regionalism that culminated in the Civil War. Certainly, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that the South continues to be the fly in the ointment of American democracy. It has never been as fluid in its awarding of votes in national elections as the other regions, and that has been a constant problem. The fact remains If you arent outraged, you arent paid attention. Seems like a lot of people arent paying attention.

Latvian Jews and the Holocaust :: essays research papers

The Holocaust seemed as if it was one mans (Adolf Hitler) determination to exterminate all Jews in Europe, but in fact this is not completely true. The Holocaust was the determination of many men and woman of different backgrounds and languages. One of which is the pile of Latvia. During WWI, the was was no less disruptive to the Jews than to anyone else. They were and used for both Capitalist exploitation and Communist conspiracy. During WWII they were beaten, killed, and/or imprisoned mercilessly in camps throughout Europe, not excluding the two camps in Riga, Latvia.The Latvian Jews had a long history. In 1897 the number for Latvia, just before WWI, reported a combined number of rough 200,000 Jews. At this point, Riga held about 33,000 Jews. Since Kurland became a duchy of Poland in the sixteenth century, Jews of Luthuanian Poland moved north. There, even though, routinely reguarded as outsiders, having to pay taxes and fees and fines, Jews prospered and expanded themselves i n number. They engaged in commerce of all variety including leasing, brokering, and peddling. Jew were goldsmiths, brandy distillers, artisans, tradesmen, and even sometimes hired as tax collectors. Jews were the ceter of economic life. They controlled exports of cereal, flax, eggs, and timber. Tanneries, sawmills, and banks were often owned by Jews, even clothing factories and stores were owned and operated by generally Jews. Most well known doctors and lawyers and entertainers were Jewish, but of the 5,921 civil servants, only 21 were Jews. Around fifty percent were involved in commerce and trade, as contend to the one percent of Latvians. This was because most Latvians were engaged in agricultural production. Jew also lived mostly in the city and town areas and created strong Jewish communities. After WWI, when the census was done again in 1925, Latvia had only counted for 95,675 Jews, less than half of pre-WWI. Now the aggrivated nationalist mind was getting very dissoriented by what had happened after Soviet annexation, the people were seeing the Jew and Bolshevism as one and the same, and as before, estermination was the only answer.The massacres of Jews began immediately after the Soviet counterattcks on June 29, 1941, before German police and officials even arrived. In Daugavpils, all Jews between the ages of sixteen to sixty were called to the down town square where they were assembled and incarcerated. At one of the main streets in Riga, Bear Slayer Street (the retain stands for the Russians) were the two Riga ghettos.

Noahs Ark vs. Jurassic Park :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Noahs Ark vs. Jurassic ParkAs the human population of the world continues to increase the flora and fauna of the planet are becoming an increasingly little part of the picture. Environmentalist and conservationists all over the globe are working hard to find strategies and methods for the preservation of disappearing creatures and species. An increasingly popular idea that would allow for for great benefits in the field of conservation became apparent in 1996 with the cloning of sheep by the name of Dolly. Since then the scientific debate on the relationship surrounded by cloning and conservation has ensued. Although the answer to that question remains on the horizon, cloning for helping endangered species is a process that may become a general procedure in the future. When one thinks of cloning generally the first idea that pops into your mind is a large tube filled with some creature disposed to a lot of tubes. Cloning actually, is a much more complicated and difficult process . Cloning, scientifically defined is, asexual reproduction or as the cosmos of genetically identical individuals (1). In the cloning process the DNA of one individual creature is copied into the cell, or embryo, of another and then that embryo draws into a fumble and proceeds down the process of birth and embryological development. Currently, many scientists believe that if the DNA of endangered species is rescued and preserved that the DNA of that species could undergo the cloning process and and so produce a clone of that species. The results of this cloning process would be enormous or it will open a new front in the combat to preserve the Earths biodiversity by cloning endangered gorillas, tigers and other rare species (2). Cloning of endangered species would be a monumental achievement for the scientific community. Many raft when they think of cloning picture sometime weird science fiction creature in a test but in real lifespan the idea of cloning could be a valuable too l for the environmental community and it would be a process could vastly improve the current moorage of endangered species. Part of the reason why the cloning process is so highly revered is because of the level of complexity and the multiple details that must develop accordingly for the process to work. Robert P. Lanza says, It is a deceptively simple-looking process. A needle jabs through the protective layer surrounding an egg. A research assistant sucks out the eggs nucleus, which contains the volume of a cells genetic material, leaving behind only a sac of gel called cytoplasm.

Creating Hyperlinks :: Computer Science

Creating HyperlinksTo insert the button I clicked on insert-interactive images-flashbutton when the options essay came up I entered information such as style, dry land color, button text, font, link, target screen and past nameof the button. I then clicked OK.Creating HyperlinksTo link between pages I needed to create hyperlinks, to do this Ifirst wrote the text that I wished the hyperlink to display I thenhighlighted it and entered the link into the box that appearedI then pressed enterEntering textTo enter the text on my site I simply clicked where I wanted it to goand typed it in, I withal changed the properties of the text i.e.alignment, color, size, bold, format, etc by highlighting the text andusing the toolbar.AccuracyTo check the accuracy of my work, e.g. completely of my links worked and thatthere were no spelling errors in the pages I got my friend to readthrough the page for spelling errors and dead links.Here is a spelling error that was found.and here is the correcti onBack-up savingTo ensure that I dint lose any work if the computer crashed Iregularly salvage my work, I did this by clicking on the file menu andthen save all frames or save button depending on which file page Iwas working on. I have provided screenshots below of the buttons Iused.I also saved it onto a cd incase the computer was damaged and the workwas lost.Spelling and grammar checkingTo make sure that there were no spelling or grammatical errors on mysite I copied the text into word and spell checked it.Changing the HTML codeThis is the HTML coding for the above table href=hardFrameset.htmHardware href=sofinFrameset.htmSoftware href=laptopFrameset.htmLaptops Computer Systems I will demonstrate how changing the HTML coding can affect the look ofa webpage. For example if I change the value of the table backgroundcolor (highlighted above) I can change the way the table looks. I havechanged the value from 000000 (black) to FFFFFF (white) this changesthe table background color h ref=hardFrameset.htmHardware href=sofinFrameset.htmSoftware href=laptopFrameset.htmLaptops Computer Systems This is what the table looked kindred after I had edited the htmlcoding.EvaluationPlanI followed the plan I do almost exactly as I made sure that the planwas accurate and would work so that I wouldnt need to think about thedesign of the site while I was making it thereof allowing me toconcentrate on making the site.ProblemsI only had one problem really and that was that some of the flash